The complex problem of consciousness is a concept introduced by David Chalmers, and it represents one of the biggest challenges of modern philosophy of mind. He tries to clarify the existence of states of consciousness and the phenomenology of knowledge, so he asks how it is possible that things appear to us in a certain way, evoke impressions and emotions in us.. According to this theory, the state of things is more conscious than unconscious. Everything that surrounds us makes certain impressions in us, science can analyze the very essence of the observed object - its characteristic properties, chemical properties and explain how something works. However, science cannot explain how the impression that this thing causes in us is created. This implies that consciousness also contains something beyond the knowledge of science. Thus, consciousness forms the limit of what can be described by the methods of science, and becomes a difficult problem for science. An excerpt from Chalmers' work describes this problem very well:
"How is it that the moment our cognitive systems start processing visual and audio information, we get a visual and audio experience: the depth of blue or the feeling of middle C? How can we explain why there is something like what an image looks like or what emotions we are experiencing? It is widely accepted that experience is based on a physical basis, but we do not have a good explanation of why and how it appears. Why should physical processing give rise to a rich inner life at all? It seems objectively unfounded, but still it happens."
Easy and difficult problems
According to Chalmers, there is no single problem of consciousness. He distinguishes between mild problems of consciousness that fall into the category of those that allow us to distinguish, classify, respond to external stimuli, classify information, express our state of mind, focus attention, or distinguish between wakefulness and sleep. These states of consciousness can largely be explained by appropriate cognitive and neurophysiological methods. Obviously, if these states of mind were all that is contained in consciousness, then this would not be an excessive problem.
According to Chalmers, the difficult problem is the problem of experience. The process of perception consists not only in information processing, but also in a strong subjective element in the form of subjective experience. In this context, we introduce the concept of qualia, which is a subjective quality of consciousness, that is, how a particular person processes external perceptions based on their experience. Obviously, this element of consciousness is completely unique to each person and cannot be reproduced, so we can say that no two people perceive the phenomenon in the same way. Subjective experience always adds something unique. Thus, we can conclude that even the qualitative side of conscious experience cannot be reproduced, reproduced, and, above all, explained using empirical science.
Criticism
It is critically important that the elimination of the complex problem of consciousness is determined primarily by eliminativists who take materialistic positions in the theory of mind. One of the most radical opponents is the American philosopher and cognitive scientist Daniel Dennett, who denies the existence of qualities. This seems to be a direct contradiction to the ideas of eliminationists, who believe that states of consciousness can be explained by biological methods, only that science has not yet made sufficient progress to prove this theory. Football and cricket fans know that a bigger budget leads to more exciting match-day betting experiences. To supercharge your first deposit, be sure to use 1xbet promo code india when you create your new account on the platform or through the mobile app. This code activates a 100% welcome bonus up to €130, perfect for betting on the Premier League, IPL, Champions League, or international tournaments. You can place higher stakes on your favorite teams, build accumulators across multiple leagues, or try both half-time and full-time markets.